That the caste system must be abolished if the Hindu society is to be reconstructed on the basis of equality, goes without saying. Untouchability has its roots in the caste system. They cannot expect the Brahmins to rise in revolt against the caste system. Also we cannot rely upon the non-Brahmins and ask them to fight our battle.

In this quote, B. R. Ambedkar, a prominent Indian social reformer, jurist, and the principal architect of the Indian Constitution, is speaking about the caste system and its detrimental effects on Hindu society. He argues that for Hindu society to be truly reconstructed on the principles of equality, the caste system must be completely abolished. Ambedkar connects untouchability—the social exclusion of the lowest castes—to the deeply entrenched system of caste itself, asserting that the two are inseparable. His emphasis on equality reflects his lifelong commitment to social justice for the oppressed and marginalized communities in India, particularly those in the "untouchable" or Dalit castes.

Ambedkar points out that it would be unrealistic to expect the Brahmins, who have historically benefited from the caste system and its hierarchical structures, to rise up and challenge the system. The Brahmins are deeply embedded in the traditional power structures of the caste system, making it unlikely for them to fight against their own privileges. This is a critical insight into the social dynamics that perpetuate the caste system, as those who hold power are not inclined to dismantle the system that benefits them.

Furthermore, Ambedkar acknowledges that the non-Brahmins—the lower and oppressed castes—cannot be expected to fight for their own emancipation in isolation. He recognizes that the struggle for the abolition of caste and untouchability requires a broader social movement, one that cannot solely rely on the oppressed to change the system. His statement highlights the complexity of social change, where those in power, as well as those oppressed, must work together to dismantle the deeply entrenched social structures of inequality.

Ultimately, Ambedkar’s quote reflects his realistic and strategic approach to addressing caste-based discrimination in India. He emphasizes that genuine social reform cannot be achieved unless the caste system is dismantled and true equality is established for all, particularly for the Dalits and other marginalized communities. His advocacy for abolishing untouchability and creating a more egalitarian society was central to his work and his vision of a just and equitable India.