It is not monogamy when there is one legal wife, and mistresses out of sight.

Annie Besant’s quote critiques the concept of monogamy, specifically challenging the traditional definition that allows for a legal wife while secretly permitting mistresses to exist outside of the public eye. Besant is arguing that true monogamy is more than just the appearance of a committed relationship between two people. She suggests that allowing extramarital affairs to happen behind the scenes undermines the concept of a monogamous relationship, as it involves deception and dishonesty rather than genuine commitment to one partner.

The quote also speaks to social norms around marriage, particularly in historical contexts where men were often allowed to have mistresses or affairs, even while being legally married. Besant challenges this double standard, implying that a marriage where infidelity is tolerated is not truly monogamous. Her words highlight the importance of integrity and transparency in relationships, where both partners are expected to be faithful and loyal to each other, without external distractions or hidden relationships.

Besant’s perspective is rooted in her broader advocacy for women’s rights and gender equality. She was a leading figure in the women's movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, working to challenge societal norms that limited women's freedoms and opportunities. In this context, her quote also touches on the unequal power dynamics in marriages, where men were often granted freedom to pursue relationships outside of the marriage, while women were expected to adhere strictly to the ideal of monogamy.

The origin of this quote is found in Besant’s feminist writings and activism, which critiqued traditional institutions that perpetuated inequality and gender roles. As a writer, philosopher, and activist, she sought to reform societal attitudes towards women, marriage, and sexuality, and her quote reflects her belief in a more honest and equal approach to relationships. Besant’s ideas continue to resonate in modern discussions around the evolution of marital fidelity and the expectations placed on both partners in a committed relationship.