Two centuries ago, when our nation lost its sovereignty and was partitioned among Russia, Prussia and Austria, Polish Romantics like the poet and nationalist Adam Mickiewicz declared that independence would come only with great sacrifice. Ever since, this myth of the martyr, or messianic victim, has emerged during times of national crisis.

Olga Tokarczuk’s quote explores the deep historical roots of Polish identity and the long-standing connection between independence and sacrifice. She refers to the period when Poland lost its sovereignty and was partitioned among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in the late 18th century. During this time, Polish Romantics like the poet and nationalist Adam Mickiewicz embraced the idea that independence would only be achieved through great personal and national sacrifice. This sense of martyrdom became a recurring theme in Polish culture, often resurfacing during times of national crisis or struggle.

The origin of this sentiment can be traced back to the Partitions of Poland, which erased the nation from the map for over a century. The resulting loss of sovereignty led to a romanticized narrative in which the Polish people, despite their suffering and oppression, were seen as martyrs for their nation’s cause. Mickiewicz and other intellectuals of the time framed the fight for Polish independence as a noble, sacrificial struggle, and this narrative became ingrained in Polish culture as a central myth of national identity.

Tokarczuk’s mention of the "myth of the martyr" underscores how this theme has persisted throughout Polish history, often resurfacing during moments of political or social upheaval. The idea of being a messianic victim, enduring suffering for a greater cause, has been a constant in Polish history, whether during uprisings, foreign domination, or political crises. It has shaped how the Polish people view their past and their national identity, framing their independence as something hard-earned and tied to the idea of enduring hardship.

Ultimately, the quote highlights how the narrative of sacrifice and martyrdom became a core part of Poland’s struggle for independence, and how it continues to influence the national psyche. Tokarczuk reflects on how this myth, rooted in the romantic ideals of Mickiewicz and his contemporaries, has shaped the Polish identity, especially during times of crisis when the nation faces external threats or internal struggles.