Learning is any change in a system that produces a more or less permanent change in its capacity for adapting to its environment.

The quote by Herbert A. Simon defines learning in terms of adaptation and systemic change. Simon suggests that true learning occurs when a system—whether an individual, organization, or machine—undergoes a change that enhances its ability to respond to its environment. This perspective emphasizes the practical and functional aspects of learning rather than simply acquiring information.

Simon highlights that learning involves producing a more or less permanent change. Temporary adjustments or superficial understanding do not constitute meaningful learning; instead, it is the lasting improvement in capability that allows a system to navigate challenges and opportunities more effectively. This underscores the importance of experience and applied knowledge in the learning process.

The quote also reflects the concept that learning is closely linked to adaptability. By integrating new knowledge, skills, or strategies, a system becomes better equipped to handle uncertainty, solve problems, and thrive in dynamic conditions. This approach positions learning as a continuous and practical process aimed at improving performance and resilience.

Originating from Herbert A. Simon, a pioneering American economist, cognitive psychologist, and computer scientist, the quote mirrors his work on decision-making, problem-solving, and artificial intelligence. Simon’s definition of learning emphasizes that acquiring knowledge is meaningful only when it enhances the capacity to adapt and respond effectively, highlighting the functional and evolutionary role of learning in complex systems.