Virtue is simply happiness, and happiness is a by-product of function. You are happy when you are functioning.

In this quote, William S. Burroughs presents a connection between virtue and happiness, suggesting that the two are inherently linked. He claims that virtue is essentially the same as happiness, implying that living a virtuous life—one that is guided by ethical principles and positive actions—naturally leads to a state of happiness. Burroughs goes on to say that happiness is a by-product of function, meaning that true happiness comes not from pursuing it directly, but from living a purposeful life that involves fulfilling one’s responsibilities and engaging in meaningful activities.

Burroughs argues that happiness arises when people are actively functioning—when they are contributing to the world, performing their duties, and engaging in the natural flow of life. The idea is that fulfillment doesn’t come from seeking happiness itself, but from purposeful action. When you are engaged in meaningful work or function, whether it’s personal, professional, or social, happiness follows as a natural result of being fully immersed in life and activity.

The quote reflects Burroughs’ view that the pursuit of happiness shouldn’t be about chasing fleeting pleasures or external rewards, but about finding contentment through productivity, action, and living in alignment with one’s values. By focusing on the function—the act of living and working—happiness becomes an outcome, rather than a goal to be strived for directly. This perspective encourages individuals to focus on doing rather than seeking.

Originating from Burroughs’ unique perspective as a writer and thinker, this quote speaks to his broader themes of existentialism and the human condition. Known for his exploration of societal norms and personal freedom, Burroughs suggests that happiness is not something to be directly pursued but arises naturally when one is engaged in meaningful function and living a life that aligns with their values.