There are two types of courage involved with what I did. When it comes to picking up a rifle, millions of people are capable of doing that, as we see in Iraq or Vietnam. But when it comes to risking their careers, or risking being invited to lunch by the establishment, it turns out that's remarkably rare.

Daniel Ellsberg's quote differentiates between two types of courage: the physical bravery associated with picking up a rifle in battle, and the moral courage required to take a stand, even at the cost of one’s career or social status. Ellsberg points out that while many individuals may be willing to engage in physical conflict, as seen in wars like Iraq or Vietnam, fewer are willing to face the personal risks that come with challenging the establishment. This second form of courage, the courage to speak out against the status quo, is far less common but equally important.

Ellsberg underscores the rarity of moral courage, which involves standing up for what one believes is right, even if it leads to personal loss or alienation. This type of courage can be far more difficult to muster, as it often requires individuals to go against powerful institutions and risk being ostracized, as well as losing their career prospects or their place in society. In contrast, physical courage in battle is often seen as a more conventional form of bravery, whereas moral courage challenges the very system that people rely on for their livelihood and social acceptance.

Daniel Ellsberg is best known for his role in leaking the Pentagon Papers, which exposed government secrets about the Vietnam War. His actions exemplify the type of moral courage he refers to in this quote. By risking his career and his personal reputation, Ellsberg took a stand against what he believed were injustices committed by the U.S. government. His decision was controversial at the time, but it ultimately played a significant role in shaping public perception of the Vietnam War and the government's actions.

Ultimately, Ellsberg’s quote challenges us to consider the true nature of courage—not only the willingness to fight but also the courage to challenge authority, risk personal sacrifice, and act according to one’s principles. In this way, moral courage becomes a more difficult and significant test of character than the more commonly acknowledged physical bravery.