The exact measure of the progress of civilization is the degree in which the intelligence of the common mind has prevailed over wealth and brute force.

The quote by George Bancroft suggests that the true measure of a civilization's progress is determined by how much the intelligence of the common people has come to influence society, overcoming the power of wealth and brute force. Bancroft argues that societies are most advanced when intellectual and moral development take precedence over material wealth or the use of violence to control or dominate others. In this sense, civilization progresses not through economic or military dominance but through the capacity of ordinary people to think critically, solve problems, and contribute to the greater good.

Bancroft, an American historian and politician, was deeply involved in shaping early American thought and values, particularly around issues of democracy and equality. His quote reflects his belief that a truly advanced society is one in which intellectual capabilities, creativity, and rational discourse are prioritized over the ability to use force or wealth to impose control. This is aligned with the ideals of democratic governance, where the power of the people is paramount, and decisions are made based on reason and collective welfare rather than the dominance of a powerful elite.

The reference to wealth and brute force highlights two major tools of historical oppression: economic power and physical domination. Bancroft suggests that a truly civilized society is one where intelligence, in the form of education, wisdom, and ethical reasoning, becomes the guiding force. When these forces of power and violence are replaced by reason and knowledge, society can move towards a more just and equitable state.

Ultimately, Bancroft's quote calls for a vision of progress that is not defined by material success or military power, but by the intellectual and ethical development of society. It suggests that civilization should be judged by how effectively it empowers its people to think, act with morality, and contribute to the common good, rather than by how much wealth or force one group can exert over others.